John brodrick



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BRODRIOK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MANUFACTURE OF STENCIL-SHEETS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 525,675, dated September 4, 1894.

Application filed December 2, 1887- Serial No. 256,837- (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: paper made of, the Japanese tree or M01'us Be it known that I, JOHN BRODRICK, of the I pepyr'zfem satioa, commonly known as city, county, and State of New York, have inyoshino in Japan, or as dental paper here, havvented certain new and useful Improvements ing by preference a weight of about seventeen 5 in the Manufacture or Preparation of Stencilounces to the ream of sheets, fifteen inches by Sheets or Transmitting Printing- Sheets, of ten and one-half. As far as I am aware this which the following is a description in such is the only kind of paper now in the market, or full, clear, and exact terms as will enable any known to thepublic, which isof sufficient openone skilled in the art to which my invention ness, thinness and toughness to fulfill all the 1o relates to make and use the same. necessary conditions of the above described The points of novelty of my present invenstencil sheet, and this paper has never before tion will be designated in the claims concludbeen waxed or gummed or used for stencils. ing this specification. But it will, of course be understood that any Mypresent invention, broadly stated, conother sheet of material of the requisite open- 6 15 sists among other things, of an art or process ess, hinness and toughness, will be the the essential steps of which are, first, coating equivalent, and may be employed in place of or impregnating a. sheet of open or veil-like u the above described sheet. This sheet of exmaterial through which ink is readily transtremely open paper is coated or filled with mitted, such as Japanese dental paper or any suitable substance impervious to ink. 2o yoshino, with a substance. impervious to ink, The nature and quality of the material so emsuch as paraffine; and second, then removing ployed will depend, to a great extent upon by any suitable means, said coating or filling the means to be employed in removing it from therefrom, at the points or lines of printing the sheet at the lines or points of printing. without destroying or disturbing the texture now prefer to employ wax or paraffine, as '7 5 2 ub t of the sh t, The afor said the coating material, either alone or combined sheet should be of a structure so open that wi h, 0 mixe with some other material. in the simple removal of the coating or fill- When the'stencil is made by pressure, as in ing at any point, the sheet becomes open to a type-writer or by a stylus, I prefer to emth transmission of ink that-eat, so that by ploy a comparatively soft malleable material o removing the filling or coating in the form or a hesive to a backing under pressure as soft shape of any letter, figure, design, 850., the parafline of, say, 120 Fahrenheit fusion point. sheet becomes open to the transmission of These sheets may be coated with parafline or ink in the form of such letter, figure, design, wax orother suitable material in any way now 850., and thereby constituting a transmitknown to he art. AS the method of apply- 35 ti g rinting sheet or tencil; In the pracing such material to the paper does not contice of my invention I therefore employ a stitute a part of my present invention I do thin open or veil-like sheet of material coated not deem it necessary to describe it in detail or impregnated with a gummy or waxy subhere. stance, or other material, impervious to ink, Any suitable and efficient means may be 40 said sheet being of-such openness that when employedto remove from the sheet the said the coating or filling is removed by any suitfilling or coating material. I prefer, howable and efiicient means at the points or lines ever, to remove said coating or filling by of printing, the sheet at such point and lines means of pressure alone, without materially permits the free passage of ink through the destroying or disturbing the texture or sub- 5 4 5 holes or interstices between the fibers of the stance ofthe sheet. If a stylus be employed sheet. Such a sheet dispenses with the nein the ordinary manner, the paraifine or wax cessity of employing in the preparation of a will be removed from the sheet, while the stencil a puncturing or abrading instrument, stylus passes over its surface with the ease bearing surface or plate, or the use of alkali, and fluency almost of a lead pencil, producmo 50 acid or other decomposing agent. I use now ingan almost perfect representation of the 1 one of the most open and thinnest grades of writers autograph with a pen.

The stencil plate for the production and multiplication of impressions of printing is, in case of the waxed sheet, made byimpressing the type-letters or other desired characters, designs, pictures, maps, or illustrations uponthe prepared sheet with type (as in a type-writing machine) or plates on which the letters, characters, designs, maps, pictures, illustrations or engravings are made of raised lines and surfaces, such as on being so impressed will express from the prepared sheet the said gummy or waxy substance,leaving the fibers thereof exposed and the interstices or holes between the fibers open for the transmission of ink. When the filling is not adhesive,as wax to some extent is under pressure the process, broadly considered,'may still be substantially the same. Stencil plates thus prepared may then be used in duplicatingimpressions as aforesaid, or otherwise. This use of the prepared sheet further demonstrates the distinction between it and former prepared sheets, inasmuch as the impression of the type or other character or former prepared sheets would not produce a stencil, unless some perforating or abrading type, or perforating or abrading surface or chemicals were used. I 1

WVhile, as above set forth, I prefer to remove the coating from the paper by any suitable writing or printing instrument by means of pressure alone, which displaces the coating or filling at all points impressed by said instrument, thus leaving the interstices betwen the fibers of the sheet free and open for the transmission of ink, I employ other means, such, for instance, as a heated implement by means of which the material is melted or softened and is displaced under the action and through the agency of said instrument, and the fibers of the paper thus bared and the spaces between them left open for the transmission of ink. When such heated implement is employed the coating of the extremely open paper should consist of some material which can readily be softened or melted under the influence of the heated instrument. Parafiine or wax answer this purpose very well, and sheets coated or impregnated therewith may obviously be employed and transformed into printing or stencil sheets by either of the methods described.

As I have, however, obtained a patent, No.

" 505,698, dated September 26, 1893, for the the operation of removing from the sheet the coating or filling, as above described, the sheet should preferably be held in some suitable support or laid upon'some suitable backing. The backing I prefer to employ is an ordinary sheet of paper, of either sized or unsized paper or pasteboard havinga smooth surface or an open material,forinstance an uncoated. sheet of yoshino paper. If the filling be of par-affine, which under the influence of the stylus or type is removed from the surface or expressed from the interstices of said sheet,

, more or less will be transferred, and adhere to the backing sheet, and will remain on the backing when the stencil sheet is removed therefrom. If, however, such a material as. highly glazed pasteboard be used as backing, less of the paraifine will adhere to the underlying sheet.

.To avoid possible misconstruction, I desire to say that when I specify in the claims that the ink-proof coating is to be removed without perforating the sheet I mean that the operation of making the stencil is not dependentupon perforations or ink passages then made, as in the sand-paper process, 850;, but upon removing the coating and exposing the openings already existing in the sheet. In

practice fibers here and there are broken when the sheet is made'up of isolated and delicate fibers as in yoshino; but this action is not relied on to make the stencil,'nor does it improve it, Indeed,it is aninjury, as every fiber broken unnecessarily weakens the stencil by just so much. If the first passage of the inking roller does not bring the ink through at all points of the lines or characters described a few more passages in the ordinary manner will do so.

I do not herein claim the aforesaid stencil or transmitting printing sheet, as an article of manufacture as it forms the subject-matter of a patent granted to me February 7, 1888, No. 37 7,7 06, of which this application is a division.

I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The process or art of making stencils or transmitting printing sheets which consists in coating or impregnatingasheet of open or as paraffine, and then removing said coating or filling therefrom at the points or lines of with awriting or imprinting implement; and then separating said sheet from said bearing surface.

3. The process or art of duplicating typewritten matter, which consists in coating or impregnating a sheet of open material through which ink is readily transmitted,- as Japanese dental paper or yoshino, with an adhesive substance impervious-to ink, as soft 10 parafline; then placing said sheet upon a a type-writing machine and then separating 15 said sheet from said bearing surface.

JOHN BRODRIOK. Witnesses:

J. EDGAR BULL, LEWIS H. NASH. 

